3. ünite : Our Natural Herıtage

All living things live in the environment. Some live in the water, and some live on land.

Tükiye has got industrial, cultural and natural heritage. Our natural heritage is great. The environment is very beautiful. We must preserve the environment. We mustn't damage the nature, also we mustn't pollute the nature. Türkiye's cultural heritage is very rich. We have got many monuments and buildings in every city. Some of them are very old. Our industrial heritage is very good too. There are a lot of natural resources in Türkiye.

A caretta caretta turtle lives in the Ocean. Its species is in danger. Female caretta carettas lay their eggs on beaches. When the eggs break, a baby turtle comes out. Babies must reach the sea but it is not easy. Some animals eat the turtle eggs. Sometimes, sea water can be dirty. People try to catch them to eat them or to make ornaments from their shells. Fishermen catch baby turtles with their nets. You can see turtle eggs in south coasts, Belek, Köyceğiz or Çıralı.

There are a lot of rainforests in the world. Unfortunately, there aren't any rainforests in Türkiye because Türkiye isn't near the equatorial line. Türkiye has got lots of forests; there are many animal and plant species in these forests but they are not rainforests.

We mustn't put old batteries in the garbage bin. We must collect them in seperate bins and recylce them.

İngilizce dilbilgisinde miktar bildiren bazı ifadeler vardır. "few", "little" sözcükleri "az" manasına gelir. "a few" sayılabilir isimler için kullanılır, "a little" da sayılamaz isimler için kullanılır.
"fewer" ve "less" kelimeleri ise "daha az" manasına gelirler. Niteleyeceğimiz ismin sayılabilir veya sayılamaz olmasına dikkat edelim.

"many", "much" sözcükleri "çok" manasına gelir. "many" sayılabilir isimler için kullanılır, "much" da sayılamaz isimler için kullanılır.
"more " kelimesi ise "daha çok" manasına gelirler. Hem sayılabilir, hem de sayılamaz isimler için kullanılır.

We must be careful to protect the environment on a picnic.
We must keep the environment clean.
We mustn't leave our garbage.
We must put our garbage into a garbage bin.
We must put out the fire.
We must be careful to other living beings.
We mustn't harm the plants or animals.

Found kitten in garden. Very young, very cute. Black and yellow fur, blue eyes. Call me if you are interested in giving it a nice home.

2.ünite : Tourıst Attractıons

I want to see Mardin city because Mardin's architecture is very good. There are many old buildings and they are very interesting. Tourists want to go to Mardin and see those buildings. The old buildings in Mardin are tourist attractions.

I went to Marmaris last year. Marmaris is a very beautiful town. It is on the seaside. There are very beautiful beaches in Marmaris. There are hotels, shops and restaurants in the town center. They are very good. The weather is very suitable too. It doesn't rain much. You can enjoy the sea, sun and sand in Marmaris. Why don't you go there this year? You will love it.

What can you buy in Türkiye:
There are many interesting items in shops in Türkiye. Shops sell traditional arts and crafts in big bazaars. You can't find those items in any other country in the world. Turkish carpets and kilims are great. They are very colourful and there are traditional Turkish motifs on them. Their quality is very good. You can also buy leather items. Their prices are cheap. Turkish pottery and ceramic items are very good too. They are also cheap. You can also buy gold, silver and other jewellery as well as other metal ornaments such as copper or steel. Don't forget to buy special glassworks too.

-I want to go to Bursa for my holiday this year.
-Why do you want to go to Bursa?
-I want to go to Bursa because I like the city. It is always clean. There are a lot of trees in Bursa and they are always green.
-Oh, that sounds great! Are there any tourist attractions in Bursa?
-Sure. There are many historical buildings in Bursa. Ulucami is the most important one. There are also many shopping centers. Prices are very good in Bursa.
-Can you find good quality hotels in Bursa?
-Yes, of course.
-Are there any activities?
-There are ski resorts in Uludağ if you go there in winter. Skiing is fun.
-How is the food in Bursa?
-It is wonderful. İskender kebab is very famous in Türkiye and restaurants in Bursa make delicious İskender.
-Oh, great. We should go together.
-Of course..

My favourite game is Trackmania Nations because it's free. I also like to play football in our garden. My favourite sport is cycling. I'd like to visit Ayasofya and Dolmabahçe Palace because they are the best places to see in İstanbul.

Dilbilgimizi ilerletirken, aynı zamanda İngilizce pratiğimizi de geliştirmemiz gerekir.

...........a nasıl giderim" diye sormak için "How can I get to........." kalıbını kullanabiliriz.
-Where is the Cafe?
-It is next to the police station.
-Is it near the book store?
-No it isn't
-How can I get to the Cafe?
-Walk down the road. Turn left to Eagle Street. Cafe is on your left.
-Thank you!
-Goodbye.

-Excuse me. I want to fly to Ankara. Can you tell me the plane times from Rome to Ankara?
-Sure. When do you want to go?
-I want to go on Thursday morning.
-Let's have a look. There is a plane at 10 o'clock.
-Are there any free seats?
-Sure.
-10 o'clock is fine.
-Do you want a single flight or a return flight?
-Single please, How much is it?
-It is 150 pounds.
-Here you are.
-Here is your ticket. Your plane will be on the ninety-seventh gate. Have a nice flight.
-Thank you very much.

"Shall I......" veya "Shall we......." sorularıyla nazik teklifler yapabiliriz. Shall, sadece "I" ve "We" ile kullanılabilir, diğer şahıslar ile kullanılmaz. Şimdi sizlere bazı kullanımlarını örnekler ile gösterelim.

-What shall we do today?
-We can visit a museum.

-Shall I take your order?
-Yes please, I'd like to have hamburger and chips.

-Shall we go to a Chinese Restaurant today?
-I'm sorry, I don't like Chinese food.

-Shall we go to a movie tonight?
-I'm afraid I have to study tonight.

Bize yapılan nazik tekliflere yine nazikçe cevap vermek gerekir. Olumsuz cevap vereceksek "I'm sorry" veya "I'm afraid I can't" gibi cevaplar verdikten sonra sebep bildirmek gerekir.

-Hi Joe. What do you want to do today?
-Shall we go for a walk?
-I don't want to go for a walk today.
-OK, shall we go cycling then?
-Sure, that's a great idea.

nt-� u : 1 �7W @�W r: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(183, 247, 213); margin-top: 10px; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 10px; line-height: 20px; word-spacing: 4px; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; ">"Shall I......" veya "Shall we......." sorularıyla nazik teklifler yapabiliriz. Shall, sadece "I" ve "We" ile kullanılabilir, diğer şahıslar ile kullanılmaz. Şimdi sizlere bazı kullanımlarını örnekler ile gösterelim.

-What shall we do today?
-We can visit a museum.

-Shall I take your order?
-Yes please, I'd like to have hamburger and chips.

-Shall we go to a Chinese Restaurant today?
-I'm sorry, I don't like Chinese food.

-Shall we go to a movie tonight?
-I'm afraid I have to study tonight.

Bize yapılan nazik tekliflere yine nazikçe cevap vermek gerekir. Olumsuz cevap vereceksek "I'm sorry" veya "I'm afraid I can't" gibi cevaplar verdikten sonra sebep bildirmek gerekir.

-Hi Joe. What do you want to do today?
-Shall we go for a walk?
-I don't want to go for a walk today.
-OK, shall we go cycling then?
-Sure, that's a great idea.

2. ünite : Kelimeler

2.ünite : Kelimeler

accommodation = yatacak Yer

baker's = fırın

bridge = köprü

butcher's = hesap dükkanı

castle = kale

centre = merkez

city = şehir

cemetery = mezarlık

coast = kıyı , sahil

comfortable = rahat

continent = kıta , anakara

crossoad = dörtyol

crowded = kalabalık

delicous = lezzetli , nefis

fall = düşmek , azalmak

famous = ünlü , meşhur

ferry = vapur

florist's = çiçekçi dükkanı

historical places = tarihi yerler

hospitable = konuksever

libary = kütüphane

memorial = abide

monument = anıt

next to = yanında

offer = sunmak , sağlamak

opposite = karşısında

penisula = yarımada

range = sıra , dizi

recomend = öneride bulunmak

region = bölge , yöre

strait = boğaz (coğrafik terim)

terriyory = bölge

theatre = tiyatro

tour = tur

transportation = taşımacılık

underground = metro

variety = çeşitlik , değişiklik

yacht = yat

Simple Present Tense

İngilizce’de bazı fiiler -ing takısı almaz ; alırsa anlam değişikliği olur.Bu sebebten dolayı geniş zaman bu fiillerle ifade edilen cümlelerde kullanılır.

Özne + sıklık zarf ı + Yüklem + zaman zarfı

Does Linda have money ?

Lindanın parası varmı?

Well,I remember what you talk about.
Bahsettiğin şeyi hatırlıyorum

Sıklık zarfları (Frequency adverbs )

Always daima her zaman
Usually genellikle çoğunlukla
Frequently sık sık
Often sık sık
Sometimes zaman zaman
Occasionally arasıra
Rarely nadiren
Seldom nadiren
Hardly ever hemen hiç
Never hiç asla

Bu zarfların kullanımı genellikle özneden hemen sonra olmaktadır fakat soru ve olumsuz cümlelerde ufak farklılıklar olmaktadır.

I always do my homework after school.
Okuldan sonra her zaman ödevimi yaparım.

Olumsuz cümlelerde :

Henry doesn’t sometimes come on time.(yardımcı fiilden sonra fiilden önce)

Sorularda
Do you usually eat fast food? (yes/no question soru tipinde özneden sonra fiileden evvel)

Yapısal Özellikler :

a) 3.tekil şahıslar özne ise yükleme -s eki eklenir.3.tekil şahıslar He,She,It :

Sandra loves her family very much.
(Sandra ailesini çok sever.)

He makes sandwiches for the visitors.
(Ziyaretçiler için sandviç yapar.)

It eats two kilos of meat at night.
(Geceleyin iki kilo et yer.)

b)Özne I,You,We,They ise yüklem hiç bir ek almaz.

We make cake for you.
(Senin için kek yaparız.)

They play in the garden after doing their homework.
(Ev ödevlerini yaptıktan sonra bahçede oynarlar.)

Soru Kalıbı

Soruları iki grup halinde görmek gerekir.Yes/no questions(evet/hayır olarak cevabı alınanlar)
Wh- questions yani bilgi isteyen sorular.

Yes/no questions

Do/Does +Özne+Yüklem ?

Yardımcı fiil olarak cümle başında Do/Does kullanılır.3.tekil şahıslarda Does ;diğer özne grubunda Do
Yüklem yalın formda kullanılır.

Do you like going to school each day?
(Her gün okula gitmeyi seviyormusun?)

Does she write a letter to her boy friend every week?
(Her hafta erkek arkadaşına mektup yazıyormu/yazarmı?)

Wh- questions

Wh- + do/does +Özne +Yüklem ?

Bu tarz sorulara cevap vermek zordur.İstenilen bilgiyi okuyup,duyup ifade etmek gerekir.Yüklem hiçbir -s ekini almaz.Sadece eylemi yapan kişiyi yani özneyi sorarken alabilir.Bunun sebebide agent’ın olmamasıdır.

What does she eat at lunch?

(Öğlen yemeğinde ne yener?)

Why do we take low marks ?

(Neden düşük notlar alıyoruz?)